4580 EXAMEN DE SUFICIENCIA EN IDIOMA INGLÉS II

Cátedra de Lectura Comprensiva de Textos en Inglés

Suficiencia de Idioma Inglés – Enfermería  4580

Programa de Idioma Inglés - Universidad Nacional del Sur

Nombre y Apellido:......................................................... L.U. N° .............................. Fecha:    /   /

 

Lea detenidamente el texto adjunto sobre MANEJO DEL DOLOR EN PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS y marque la parte del texto donde se encuentra la respuesta a las siguientes preguntas.  Luego transcríbala en forma breve y precisa en español en el espacio dado utilizando únicamente la información que proporciona el texto.

NOTA: Verifique que la letra sea legible, de lo contrario el examen no podrá ser evaluado.

1. ¿Cómo expresaría el título y subtítulo de este artículo en español?

2. Enumere las dos soluciones que menciona este texto para el manejo del dolor.  ¿Cuál da mejores resultados en pacientes pediátricos?

3. ¿Qué recomienda el Hospital Infantil de Texas para aliviar el dolor post-quirúrgico de los pacientes pediátricos además de la medicación?  Mencione al menos 3 opciones

4. ¿Cuál es el rol de los padres?

5. ¿Qué técnicas utilizan los siguientes profesionales de la salud para manejar el dolor en pacientes pediátricos?
1. Patricia “Trish” Riggers?
2. El personal de Servicios de Emergencias Médicas del Condado de Austin/Travis?
3. Beverly Dunn?

TEXTO

No More Tears

Pediatric caregivers create drug-free techniques to reduce the ‘ouch factor’ for kids before, during, and after surgery

By Janet Kilgore.                                                                                                                     November 15, 2004

 A child in pain is a common sight for health care professionals. Medications bring relief, but in the last decade, pain management has come into its own. Analgesics are no longer the only solution for pediatric patients.

Despite a lack of scientific studies, innovative alternatives were developed. Many hospitals initiated pain management programs to train staff in relief-giving techniques. In the past 15 years, programs to manage pediatric patients’ pain have sprung up throughout Texas. Analgesics were not replaced; rather, a combination of pain medication and distraction techniques proved most effective.

Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland recently released a study demonstrating a reduction in children’s postoperative pain and anxiety. Findings show that the use of medicine and imagery tools can help reduce pain for some children. Videos, audiotapes, booklets, deep breathing, and relaxation and imagery techniques were used before and after day surgery and at home. According to the study, children receiving these techniques and adequate pain medication experienced significantly less pain and anxiety than the control group, which received only attention and medication.

Since 1995, Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston has worked with psychologists to find ways to help children cope with surgery and postoperative pain. In addition to properly managed medication, they recommend distraction, soothing techniques, and reducing anxiety through thorough preparation. Distraction techniques include blowing bubbles, listening to stories, watching videos, or playing video games. Soothing the senses uses anything from an infant pacifier to gentle massage. Taking time to explain what to expect before a procedure can control or reduce anxiety. Choices, such as choosing a bandage color, often give the child a sense of control.

The patient’s family plays a vital role in these treatments. “The family has to believe it can help and work with the child. We spend a lot of time preparing the parents,” says Nancy Glass, MD, of TCH. Although success depends partially on the severity and acuity of the pain, Glass notes it is important for treatment to initiate immediately and continue through recovery. She adds, “Benefits increase with time, practice, and with the parents’ level of acceptance of the alternate methods.”

Children’s Medical Center in Dallas created its Pain Resource Nurse Program two years ago. Patricia “Trish” Rittgers, RN, was one of the first nurses to receive the training, which included drug and nondrug interventions. In addition to pain management for inpatients, Rittgers uses relaxation techniques in the outpatient clinic, too. Referring to the “cold spray” she uses for immunizations and lab draws, Rittgers says, “I refer to it as magic cream. Some pain management is mind over matter.”

Austin/Travis County Emergency Medical Services personnel in Central Texas have used teddy bears, raised from donations from local organizations, to comfort injured children since 1988. “The toys help calm and distract the children, something familiar in an unfamiliar situation,” says Director Richard Herrington.

Collected through the EMS’ annual Teddy Bear Picnic, the “fist-sized bears work best. They’re easier to store in the vehicles and don’t hamper treatment,” says Warren Hassinger of the Austin/Travis County EMS. Kept clean in plastic bags in EMS trucks and Starflight helicopters, the little bears are ready to be hugged by a frightened child. They go with the patient into the emergency department, too. The bears reduce stress and trauma, which means a greater ability to cope with pain and shock.

When Children’s Hospital in Austin lost funding for her program, music therapist Beverly Dunn acquired a $10,000 grant from the Scanlan Foundation. She provides support to patients and families and gives them skills to use when she and her music cart move on. Her ideas are spreading, too. “I’ve had many nurses and some doctors sing with me to patients before, during, and after treatment,” Dunn says.

Dunn’s version of an American Indian rain stick, made of clear plastic and filled with colorful beads, may not summon showers, but the sounds and colors are part of the musical magic she brings to pediatric patients. She and her guitar are welcome visitors. “A baby smiled for the first time in three days when I played my guitar for him. His mother burst into tears,” Dunn says. “And a young oncology patient has started writing his own songs. It’s an emotional outlet.”

Whatever the method — rain sticks, video games, or gentle massage — today’s pediatric caregivers use innovative techniques to relieve pain in their young patients.