4579 EXAMEN DE SUFICIENCIA EN IDIOMA INGLES I

Programa de Idioma Inglés - Universidad Nacional del Sur

Examen de Suficiencia en Idioma Inglés I (4579) ENFERMERÍA

Nombre y Apellido:.............................................. L.U. N°:................................. Fecha: / /

TEXTO

Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life from conception to death. Nurses work in a large variety of specialties where they work independently and as part of a team to assess, plan, implement and evaluate care. Nursing Science is a field of knowledge based on the contributions of nursing scientist through peer-reviewed scholarly journals and evidenced-based practice. Nurses practice in a wide range of settings, from hospitals to visiting people in their homes and caring for them in schools to research in pharmaceutical companies. Nurses work in occupational health settings (also called industrial health settings), free-standing clinics and physician offices, nurse-led clinics, long-term care facilities and camps. They also work on cruise ships and in military service. Nurses act as advisers and consultants to the health care and insurance industries. Many nurses also work in the health advocacy and patient advocacy fields at companies such as Health Advocate, Inc. helping in a variety of clinical and administrative issues. Some are attorneys and others work with attorneys as legal nurse consultants, reviewing patient records to assure that adequate care was provided and testifying in court. Nurses can work on a temporary basis, which involves doing shifts without a contract in a variety of settings, sometimes known as per diem nursing, agency nursing or travel nursing. Nurses work as researchers in laboratories, universities, and research institutions. Nurses have also been delving into the world of informatics, acting as consultants to the creation of computerized charting programs and other software. Internationally, there is a serious shortage of nurses. One reason for this shortage is due to the work environment in which nurses practice. In a recent review of the empirical human factors and ergonomic literature specific to nursing performance, nurses were found to work in generally poor environmental conditions. DeLucia, Ott, & Palmieri (2009) concluded, "the profession of nursing as a whole is overloaded because there is a nursing shortage. Individual nurses are overloaded. They are overloaded by the number of patients they oversee. They are overloaded by the number of tasks they perform. They work under cognitive overload, engaging in multitasking and encountering frequent interruptions. They work under perceptual overload due to medical devices that do not meet perceptual requirements (Morrow et al., 2005), insufficient lighting, illegible handwriting, and poor labeling designs. They work under physical overload due to long work hours and patient handling demands which leads to a high incidence of MSDs. In short, the nursing work system often exceeds the limits and capabilities of human performance. HF/E research should be conducted to determine how these overloads can be reduced and how the limits and capabilities of performance can be accommodated. Ironically, the literature shows that there are studies to determine whether nurses can effectively perform tasks ordinarily performed by physicians. Results indicate that nurses can perform such tasks effectively. Nevertheless, already overloaded nurses should not be given more tasks to perform. When reducing the overload, it should be kept in mind that underloads also can be detrimental to performance (Mackworth, 1948). Both overloads and underloads are important to consider for improving performance." Each county/ state in which a nurse is licenced has laws concerning how many patients one nurse can attend to (depending on the accuity of the patients needs).

1. Traducir las siguientes frases nominales extraídas del texto teniendo en cuenta el contexto:

1. evidenced-based practice:
2. occupational health settings:
3. long-term care facilities and camps:
4. generally poor environmental conditions:

2. Marcar con un círculo la opción correcta y corregir las oraciones que no sean correctas:

a. True - False Los enfermeros solo trabajan en equipo, no pueden trabajar individualmente.

b. True - False Los enfermeros ejercen su profesión en los hospitales.

c. True - False No hay suficientes enfermeros en el mundo debido al ambiente en el que trabajan.

d. True - False Los enfermeros no tienen mucho trabajo.

e. True - False La letra ilegible es uno de los problemas que tienen los enfermeros en su trabajo cotidiano.

2. Subrayar las ideas principales en el texto y dar un título representativo a cada párrafo. Además, dar un título general al texto.

Título general: _____________________________________________________________________

Párrafo 1 ________________________________________________________________________

Párrafo 2 ________________________________________________________________________

Párrafo 3 ________________________________________________________________________